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Mars Lander (detail)
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Mars Lander (detail)
Open cargo hatch of the first Mars lander.
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Control Tower on Europa (detail)
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Control Tower on Europa (detail)
One of the twelve moons of Jupiter and about the same size as Earth's moon.
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Lunar Survey System
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Lunar Survey System
The astronaut uses a hypothetical advanced surveyor's instrument.
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Dream of Another Reality
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Entering Recovery Port (detail)
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Entering Recovery Port (detail)
Astronaut entering recovery port of a space station.
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Lunar Lander Eagle
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Lunar Lander Eagle
The lunar lander Eagle touches down on the surface of the Moon - the first landing. A cutaway view showing astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin at the controls, and to the left the earlier stages in the operation - the lunar lander separating from the command module and the lander descending.
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Skylab's Complex Telescope (detail)
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Skylab's Complex Telescope (detail)
The four windmill-like solar wings mounted on Skylab's complex telescope, which was used to make extensive and extraordinarily significant, observations of the sun.
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Tasks Inside Skylab
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Tasks Inside Skylab
The astronauts float about their tasks inside Skylab. In addition to the all-important biomedical experiments, the crew undertook extensive Earth resource studies and mapping operations, and conducted tests on metals in weightlessness that might someday lead to space manufacture.
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Skylab Crewman
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Skylab Crewman
Skylab crewman testing astronaut maneuvering unit. At right is the Apollo telescope mount surrounded by the four solar wings that were the principle source of power for Skylab before the crippled panel was deployed.
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Watching a Space Shuttle Lift-Off
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Watching a Space Shuttle Lift-Off
Launch control at Cape Kennedy in the early 1980's. The design concept pictured here, single large booster with piggy-back orbiter, was one of many considered by NASA.
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Kennedy Spaceport (detail)
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Kennedy Spaceport (detail)
Kennedy Spaceport in the late 1980's. At right is an advanced shuttle system ready for launch, the small orbiter on the back of the giant manned booster. Another shuttle is being moved up to its launching pad. The orbiter will be essentially a common carrier, its passengers no longer required to pass stringent standards for space flight.
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Kennedy Spaceport (detail)
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Advanced Concept of Orbiter Separation
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Advanced Concept of Orbiter Separation
The orbiter as it separates from the booster--in this advanced concept the booster is manned also and will return to its launch base to be used over and over again.
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Flight Profile of the Shuttle System
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Flight Profile of the Shuttle System
The shuttle takes off vertically; its two solid-propellant boosters are jettisoned at a height of about 25 miles and descend by parachute to the ocean, where they will be recovered. The orbiter flies on, powered by the liquid propellant in its huge external tank. Once in orbit, the tank separates and is sent back into the Earth's atmosphere by a small rocket; it falls-already breaking up-into a remote ocean area, the only major component of the shuttle system that will not be used again. The orbiter, meanwhile, continues its mission (it might last a week) and then returns to Earth, flying horizontally like an airplane in its last stages and landing on a runway near the launch site.
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Advanced Shuttle System
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Advanced Shuttle System
Cutaway of the advanced shuttle system in which both orbiter and main booster are manned. The booster, as the cutaway shows, is almost all fuel tank; like the orbiter, it would be flown back to Earth like an airplane.
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A Shuttle in Earth Orbit Deploying its Payload
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A Shuttle in Earth Orbit Deploying its Payload
The cargo has its own little thrusters for controlling attitude; these are operated by the astronaut at its right working at an external control panel. The tethers at the top of the painting extend from a space station that uses the shuttle system to replenish supplies.
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Space Shuttles at Work
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Space Shuttles at Work
In the background a space station cluster extends its manipulating arms to assist a shuttlecraft in docking.
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Repairman in Space
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Repairman in Space
An astronaut tethered to a two-man spacecraft designed for this kind maintenance works on the antenna from an orbiting satellite.
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The Space Bottle
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The Space Bottle
A 1955 concept of Dr. Wernher von Braun for a work capsule-really a small spacecraft-that will allow one astronaut to work in a shirtsleeve environment controlling an array of tools. He can maneuver the space bottle in any attitude, anchor himself to his work station, and after his task is completed, can return to the space station, dock (headfirst) at the port, and enter through the station's airlock. Such a capsule could remove many of the problems astronauts have when confronted with unplanned extra-vehicular tasks such as the Skylab repair job.
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Preparing for Docking
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Preparing for Docking
Inside the cockpit of a shuttlecraft, the pilot and co-pilot preparing for docking with a space station.
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Shuttlecraft Docked with Station
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Shuttlecraft Docked with Station
The shuttlecraft docked with the station-in this case a top docking, but a nose docking is also possible. Two other shuttlecraft are seen, each of a slightly different configuration, since this scene looks forward to a time when shuttles, like aircraft today, will he specially designed according to their functions.
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Small Space Station in Orbit
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Small Space Station in Orbit
Four solar arrays are deployed to provide power for the station, and below one of them is a maneuverable scientific instrument capsule. On top of the station is a high-gain antenna to communicate with Earth, and other communication and navigation antennas. There are four docking ports around the circumference at top and another four at bottom; a shuttlecraft is about to dock at the one seen below. The cutaway shows the living and working quarters of the crew; a central core connects the levels. In the lowest section (which has sleeping quarters at left) astronauts suited up for departure prepare to pass through the air lock and enter the shuttle, which will deposit the replacement crew and take the old crew back to Earth.
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Turn of the Century Transportation Center
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Turn of the Century Transportation Center
Transportation center at the turn of the next century. Under the great transparent dome of the terminal travelers watch one shuttlecraft take off, while another sits on its launching pad. A supersonic jet flashes across the sky, and in the right distance is a port facility with hovercraft.
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